Kopplingen mellan cannabis, sociala problem och kriminalitet
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Följande material kan vara av intresse i det sammanhanget:
Acute Marijuana Effects on Human Risk Taking
Cannabis use and mental health in secondary school children - Findings from a Dutch survey
Early onset cannabis use and progression to other drug use in a sample of Dutch twins
Antisocial Disorders More Common Among Addicted
2000 Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring: Annual Report
Two-thirds of county arrestees are drug users, study indicates
Social dimensions of adolescent substance use
Frequency of MJ use related to repeat criminal offense
Ann Pharm Fr. 2006 May;64(3):197-203. Cannabis and driving: the situation in Europe
[Artikel på franska]
Raes E, Verstraete AG.
Departement de Biologie Clinique, de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Universite de Gand, Gand, Belgique.
In Europe, three million people consume cannabis every day. Investigations showed that more than two thirds of drug users drive after having smoked cannabis. Epidemiological studies show that between 0.5% and 8.2% of the general driving population is positive for cannabis. For drivers wounded or deceased as a result of an accident, the percentage varies respectively from 3.3% to 10% and from 2.2% to 8.4%. Finally, very high percentages are found in the studies which analysed the presence of drugs in drivers suspected of driving under the influence of drugs: more than 50% in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Six European countries adopted an analytical or 'per se' legislation and the cut-offs vary between 0.3 and 2 ng/mL THC. In the Netherlands, experimental studies carried out after administration of cannabis clearly showed the impairing effects, in particular in the event of simultaneous consumption of cannabis and alcohol. Various research projects financed by the European Union studied the epidemiologic aspects (IMMORTAL), detection by psychotechnical tests (CERTIFIED) and roadside drug detection (ROSITA and ROSITA-2).
Cannabis and road crashes: a survey of recent French studies]
[Artikel på franska]
Mura P, Brunet B, Favreau F, Hauet T.
Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers, Service de toxicologie et pharmacocinetique, Chu, BP 577, F 86021 Poitiers Cedex.
The clarification of the mechanisms of action of cannabis and its effects on motor and cognitive functions, the results of previous studies performed on driving simulators and closed or open-road driving trials, are important criteria for highlighting the increased risk of road crashes for drivers after a recent use of cannabis. In addition epidemiological studies allow to measure the magnitude of the problem. A survey of French epidemiological studies performed from 1999 to 2004, as well as the data of THC distribution in tissues studies performed on man and animal allowed us to draw a number of conclusions. The risk of road crash after a recent use of cannabis is increased by more than 2.4 in all studies. The prevalence of cannabis use in drivers involved in a road crash has dramatically increased during the last years. For methodological reasons (a too high threshold for THC positivity, a too long time delay between accident and blood sampling), the annual number of fatal cases induced by a cannabis use was likely underestimated. This assessment is consistent with recent data which indicate that THC could be still present in brain while absent in blood. A positivity threshold for THC in blood of 0.5 ng/mL would be more appropriated. So, all recent French studies highlighted that a recent use of cannabis impairs driving ability and that it would be advisable to intensify roadside testing for drugs of abuse.
Torgny Peterson
Följande material kan vara av intresse i det sammanhanget:
Acute Marijuana Effects on Human Risk Taking
Cannabis use and mental health in secondary school children - Findings from a Dutch survey
Early onset cannabis use and progression to other drug use in a sample of Dutch twins
Antisocial Disorders More Common Among Addicted
2000 Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring: Annual Report
Two-thirds of county arrestees are drug users, study indicates
Social dimensions of adolescent substance use
Frequency of MJ use related to repeat criminal offense
Ann Pharm Fr. 2006 May;64(3):197-203. Cannabis and driving: the situation in Europe
[Artikel på franska]
Raes E, Verstraete AG.
Departement de Biologie Clinique, de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Universite de Gand, Gand, Belgique.
In Europe, three million people consume cannabis every day. Investigations showed that more than two thirds of drug users drive after having smoked cannabis. Epidemiological studies show that between 0.5% and 8.2% of the general driving population is positive for cannabis. For drivers wounded or deceased as a result of an accident, the percentage varies respectively from 3.3% to 10% and from 2.2% to 8.4%. Finally, very high percentages are found in the studies which analysed the presence of drugs in drivers suspected of driving under the influence of drugs: more than 50% in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Six European countries adopted an analytical or 'per se' legislation and the cut-offs vary between 0.3 and 2 ng/mL THC. In the Netherlands, experimental studies carried out after administration of cannabis clearly showed the impairing effects, in particular in the event of simultaneous consumption of cannabis and alcohol. Various research projects financed by the European Union studied the epidemiologic aspects (IMMORTAL), detection by psychotechnical tests (CERTIFIED) and roadside drug detection (ROSITA and ROSITA-2).
Cannabis and road crashes: a survey of recent French studies]
[Artikel på franska]
Mura P, Brunet B, Favreau F, Hauet T.
Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers, Service de toxicologie et pharmacocinetique, Chu, BP 577, F 86021 Poitiers Cedex.
The clarification of the mechanisms of action of cannabis and its effects on motor and cognitive functions, the results of previous studies performed on driving simulators and closed or open-road driving trials, are important criteria for highlighting the increased risk of road crashes for drivers after a recent use of cannabis. In addition epidemiological studies allow to measure the magnitude of the problem. A survey of French epidemiological studies performed from 1999 to 2004, as well as the data of THC distribution in tissues studies performed on man and animal allowed us to draw a number of conclusions. The risk of road crash after a recent use of cannabis is increased by more than 2.4 in all studies. The prevalence of cannabis use in drivers involved in a road crash has dramatically increased during the last years. For methodological reasons (a too high threshold for THC positivity, a too long time delay between accident and blood sampling), the annual number of fatal cases induced by a cannabis use was likely underestimated. This assessment is consistent with recent data which indicate that THC could be still present in brain while absent in blood. A positivity threshold for THC in blood of 0.5 ng/mL would be more appropriated. So, all recent French studies highlighted that a recent use of cannabis impairs driving ability and that it would be advisable to intensify roadside testing for drugs of abuse.
Torgny Peterson
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